Luis

FATP CHART - LUIS MOISÉS PEÑA LÉVANO (09237) ** FORM: ** Third personal narrative (research) // OUTLINE (Organization of the research) // ** Title: ** Spatial-temporal versus language-analytic reasoning: the role of music training
 * AUDIENCE: ** Teachers, parents, students.
 * TOPIC: ** Spatial-temporal versus language-analytic reasoning: the role of music training
 * PURPOSE: ** To explain how the music can help us to improve our reasoning.
 * Main Topic: ** I. The Music enhance reasoning
 * Subtopic ** : I A Language Analytic Reasoning
 * Supporting details ** : I.A.1: To obtain quantitative results.
 * Suptopic: I ** .B Spatial Temporal Reasoning
 * Supporting details: I.B.1 ** : To transform and related mental image in space and in time.
 * Supporting details: I.B.2 ** : Symmetries used to compare physical and mental images.
 * Supporting details: I.B.3 ** : Natural temporal sequences of the patterns.
 * Main Topic: II ** . The music enhances reasoning.
 * Subtopic: II.A ** . Leng Theory proposes a causal link between music and spatial-temporal reasoning.
 * Supporting details: II ** .**A.1:** The striking evolutes of the trion model firing patterns were mapped onto various pitches and instruments producing recognizable styles of music
 * Supporting details: II ** .**A.1:** This striking gives the insight to relate the neuronal processes involved in music and abstract spatial-temporal reasoning.
 * Subtopic: II.B. ** Use of Mozart Effect
 * Supporting details: II.B.1 ** : It shows us that the school students scored significantly higher on spatial-temporal reasoning after hearing the first ten minutes of the Mozart Sonata (Two Pianos in D Major).
 * Main Topic: III ** . The music in the preschool children can enhance reasoning.
 * Subtopic: III.A ** . The reasoning is crucial for adult endeavors such as higher mathematics, engineering, and chess.

**LUIS MOISÉS PEÑA LÉVANO - 09237 ** ** SPATIAL-TEMPORAL REASONING VS LANGUAGE-ANALYTIC REASONING ** Several studies around the music have been made in recent years. The melodies of the symphonies actually are not just used to be listened. Several scientists have investigated about the role of the music in the possible development of the brain, specially helping to improve the spatial temporal reasoning, one of the two kinds of reasoning of the human. Temple (1998) states that the experiments are “Less intuitive demonstrating that music can enhance reasoning”. The Spatial Temporal reasoning is a capacity that has a person to see in different ways sequences of ideas and images. This kind of reasoning is used especially when a person wants to solve a problem, because it permits us to understand and search several solutions for the same case. This kind of capacity is required in a variety of science, like architecture, because it’s the base of innovation and the creativity of a person. Renz (2007) states “It aims at describing the common-sense background knowledge on which our human perspective on the physical reality is based”. The Language-Analytic reasoning is the other kind of reasoning. This is the most commonly mentioned in the schools. Basically it can help us in the development in two areas: the verbal part, in where the people can organize ideas from paragraphs and communicate well with the people and the mathematic area, because it let us to analyze equations and following some steps can solve and obtaining an answer. Boettcher (2002) states “Both types of reasoning are crucial to how we think, reason, and create; in general, we go back and forth between the two”. The music has a new role in the improvement of these reasoning, especially in the kids. The investigations this theory for the scientist have been probed in two ways: The Trion Model of the Brain, that associates the Mathematic, the music and the chess; and the Mozart Effect, that is a demonstration how the students increase the level of spatial-temporal reasoning when they listen to Mozart Sonata for Two Pianos. Temple (1998) said “Music clearly involves the pattern development concept, as does spatial-temporal reasoning”.
 * THE ROLE OF MUSIC TRAINING FOR IMPROVING **
 * Introduction **
 * Spatial Temporal Reasoning **
 * Language-Analytic Reasoning **
 * The New Role of the music **

The music is one of the newest applications in the Preschool children; the scientists think that can benefit to children between 6 and 10 years old. The investigations say that the music influences are focused in the cortex where logic-analytic and spatial-temporal reasoning are developed. One example of this situation is a test where the children have pieces of a puzzle and they have to order them with images of a big family. They were divided in two groups, one of them was listening to Mozart Sonata while they were solving the puzzle; and the other group of children was the people that just were solving the puzzle game concentrated in a room without any sound. Both groups did not receive any disturbs and the variable that was measure was the the time and the velocity of the groups used to finish ordering the puzzles. The results probed that have differences in the velocities to order the pieces; the children that were listened to music could finish first. Peretz (1993) said when they obtained the results “We suggest that Spatial-Temporal reasoning is crucial for adult endeavors such as higher mathematics, engineering, and chess; and we could prove the role of the music in increasing this ability it today”. Grading talked about her experience in a research about the important of the spatial temporal reasoning in her life. She is a person that suffer autism, a disease that made of the people could not be very sociable because those people see the world in a very different that we see. But for her this problem she could convert in to an advantage, because she could describe incredible a picture or image, she could see in movement and she could create with that image several other drawings taking the first like reference. She used this special ability in her life and she became a great designer, she works in the virtual reality in her mind and to use her creativity to build beautiful architecture designers of buildings. She is right now one of the most important designers in United States. Additionally to this information, her designers have a particular objective; she combined her capacity to use the virtual reality and to mix with the real world, using the natural relation between plants and animals giving an spectacular sensation to the people that can appreciate it, because they feel an incredible peace. Actually she is focused in designing mechanical systems correlating different ideas of the environment and making a mixed great system. Grading (2007) says about how she can create a new thing: “I visualize myself as the animal going through one of my systems and thus I am able to anticipate and correct for problematic patterns that might develop. In my imagination, I walk around and through the structure and can fly over it in an imaginary helicopter. I move myself around and through the structure instead of rotating the structure in my dreams”.
 * Music in Preschool children **
 * The importance of the spatial temporal reasoning in the life **

During several years, the people have associated three elements; they are the music, the mathematic and the chess denominated commonly like trion. There are several thesis and investigations that have evaluated in several times and many places by the scientists. Two of these people that are focused in this relation are Leng and Shawn, from China; they could elaborate a particular model that can link these three elements. They worked in Mountcastle Organization studying the neuronal cortex and the patterns that can excite the memory and improve the brain function. They could discover a curious detail, the little children have a structure cortex, that inside have a inherent ability to use the spatial-temporal reasoning that can be used in natural sequences related to the symmetry of the things and the movements of the different objects. Temple (1998) said that “the key component of the spatial-temporal reasoning may be the built-in ability of the columnar networks to recognize the symmetry relations among cortical firing patterns in a sequential manner”. Shawn and Leng tried to evaluate the symmetry associating the patterns of this trion model and the response of the common neural language of the cortex; the results were satisfactory for them, they could involve the music and the spatial temporal reasoning. The method to evaluate this discovering was the velocity of the mental process response, seeing that the mind use ten seconds to response normally to an action with symmetry structure and without any sound; but the response of the people that was listened music, could do that in just fraction of a second. Temple (1998) state that “Music clearly involves the pattern development concept, as does spatial-temporal reasoning: the ability to create, maintain, transform, and relate complex mental images even in the absence of external sensory input or feedback”. Other detail that they could discover relating the mathematic, the chess and the music; was that the nervous system has a specific location in the region of the cortex, and curiously is the same part of the cortex that is located the spatial-temporal reasoning. And this region is in developing in the children that were between one to five months. Further, the music abilities are developed in infants and neonates, used like a pre-language. Temple (1998) mentioned that “the music is available at an early age and enhance the cortex’s ability to accomplish pattern development”. Leng and Shawn demonstrated the capacity of plasticity of the children when they did the test to study the behavior and the prediction of the training in children with music and if this detail could enhance the spatial temporal reasoning. With this reference, other scientist, Rauscher, focused in the early ability of the babies and did experiments focused in this opportunity in the preschools. Rauscher sustained that the music could enhance in long-term the spatial temporal reasoning; but maybe if they applied a specific kind of music could increase in a short-term the spatial-temporal reasoning; and for this experiment he preferred investigate in the classical music that used just instruments. He mixed two different parts in the evaluation, in the first part he put a relaxation tape of five minutes, and immediately he changed for the first ten minutes of Mozart sonata for Two Pianos in D Major. Temple (1998) state that “The striking Mozart effect experiments showed that college students scored significantly higher on spatial-temporal reasoning”. The reason that Rauscher used that specific sonata, it was because he selected carefully because the sonata had an incredible symmetry and a natural sequences in the music, all the structure had a sweet harmony and could complement perfectly like the continuation of the first part of the experiment, because in the beginning presented a relax tape and then with Mozart music he could implement a melody that gives peace. And thanks to this experiment was the first step to probe a strength link between the music and the improving of the Spatial-Temporal reasoning. Peretz (1993) said about the Rauscher study that “He expected that Mozart was exploiting the inherent repertoire of spatial-temporal firing patterns in the cortex in the ultimate manner.” There exist several variations of the Mozart effects that are trying to improve and evaluate if they can improve the spatial temporal reasoning; focused in the neural activity of the neural activity and left tempo-parietal area. New investigations are trying to discover the relation between the brain waves when the spatial temporal reasoning is improved by Mozart sonatas. Rauscher studies show us that the patters of the waves continues with more frequencies when Mozart sonata is listened and even after (like twelve minutes later) the intensity of the waves continued constant and similar; so he could infer that the spatial-temporal reasoning improved its development in that time. Actually it exists several investigations trying to create a prediction between the wave intensity and the different kind of music that can be produced by the Mozart music variations. Peretz (1993) said about all this investigation that “We expect that similar cortical mechanisms are involved in the preschool study, so further understanding of the Mozart effect should shed considerable light on those preschool results, and vice versa”.  <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">The neuronal system of the brain had been studied before by Leng and Shawn (mentioned in other paragraph of the document), and they planned to do a model and make a application for this model. And they thought that the people that the investigations had to do were the children; because they are developing their skills and abilities during many years (especially between two months and eight years old). And they inferred that they had to begin in preschool children. Temple (1998) state that “Predictions from our structured neuronal model of the brain led to the test of the hypothesis that music training for young children enhances spatial-temporal reasoning”. In United States, knowing the ideas that had Leng and Shawn decided to realize a plenty of studies in the preschool around the country. In total were seventy eight preschool that participated. The children were selected of these schools, just a little sample per each school that had to be evaluated during six months, they were to receive music lessons; other selected group of children that received computer lessons and the other that just was selected to be the control group. The groups were divided in four sub-groups, depending the age; and after six months the beginning of the reasoning test begun, similar exams depending the age were put; and each test included three tests spatial temporal reasoning. In one of the test the children had to organize the puzzles and create things that they would like to make depending of their mental images associating the nature and the experiences that they had lived before; when they saw the results, they could see that existed significantly difference in the group team that just was listened music and the others. Pletz (1993) said about these studies that “A highly significant improvement of large magnitude was found for the keyboard group in the spatial-temporal reasoning test. We suggest that ST reasoning is crucial for adult endeavors such as higher mathematics, engineering, and chess. The experiment did not determine the duration of the enhancement of spatial-temporal reasoning, but it was at least some days. Thus these results have enormous educational implications.” <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">In United States several investigations demonstrated that forty percent of the students of that country have problems in Mathematic science, especially in geometry and arithmetic abilities. So the educators that could observe the development of the new discovery have been thinking in include aspects of Spatial Temporal reasoning to solve this problem that is related with Logical-Analytic reasoning to try to explode the imagination and the abilities to relate things and create new ideas and can increase their knowledges. Temple (1998) state that “We propose that new methods can be developed to teach math and science using ST reasoning. We already know that young children can successfully be taught aspects of proportional reasoning using ST methods” **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">Bibliography ** <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">Temple, G. 1998. Spatial-temporal versus language-analytic reasoning: the role of music training. http://richardsinstitute.org/Default.aspx?pg=48 Pletz (1993) S. Mathematics and Music: A Search for Insight into Higher Brain Function. http://richardsinstitute.org/Default.aspx?pg=48
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">The Trion Model **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">The Mozart Effect **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">The Music in Preschool **
 * Teaching Logical-Analytic Sciences Using Spatial-Temporal Reasoning **<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">